ТРАДИЦІЙНЕ БДЖІЛЬНИЦТВО УКРАЇНЦІВ БОЙКІВЩИНИ: ВИРОБНИЧО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕК

Abstract

The article is the first attempt to outline the main features of the economic and production complex of traditional Boykos beekeeping as a significant segment of Ukrainian ethnic culture on the basis of materials of own field searches and literature and museum sources. Subjects of our research are processes, which creates technology culture of apiculture of Ukrainians in Boykos region and artefacts as the result of them (apiary arrangement, bee keeping, receiving of honey and their application, types of beehives and features of their design, types of beekeeper equipment). The important role of types and designs of traditional frame hives (logs, hollows, straw baskets) and modified rational dwellings for bees (Slavs, Ukrainian beds, Dadans) is emphasized. It is established that with the development of modern beekeeping (late XIXth – early XXth century), traditional pre-beehives began to give way to local frame modified housing for bees, as more rational for insect life and beekeeping. The significant value in the process of optimization of care of bees is played by apiary accessories – protective face nets, chimneys, pumps, robes, honeycombs. The process of obtaining bee products is considered, in particular technological methods of honey harvesting, depending on the type of beehives. Obtaining honey and the feasibility of its economic use was dictated by the appropriate technological methods of honey collection in collapsible and non-collapsible hives, time and conditions of storage of sweet product. After analyze the significant number of ethnographical field and sporadic bibliographical sources the historical roots and prevalence are proved and the regional specifics of beekeeping as a traditional economic occupation of boykos are clarified.