Картографирование транспортной подвижности населения республики Саха (Якутия)

Abstract

The issues of the transport system development and the population mobility are becoming most relevant in the regions of Arctic and Far East Russia. The article is devoted to the study and mapping of the population transport mobility of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Thematic maps were compiled: “Automobile and air transport network of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”, “Intra-municipal aviation mobility of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020”, “Intra-municipal transport mobility by road of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020” presenting the regional transport system spatial differentiation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) according to these indicators. We distinguished the territorial unevenness of the transport and logistics infrastructure due to the lack of year-round communications in many areas. As a result, there is a spatial contrast in the distribution of population mobility indicators. As a result of the analysis of indicators of intra-municipal aviation and transport mobility by road transport of the population in 2020, a grouping of regions of the Yakutia was made. The highest value indicators of transport mobility by road are charactered in Yakutsk, Aldan, Neryungri and Ust-Aldan municipals; in many Arctic regions, land transport mobility is at a low level. At the same time, the mobility indicator is affected by the motorization of the population and the development of transport services carried out by individual entrepreneurs and private individuals. A relatively high level of aviation mobility is inherent in the Arctic regions (Oleneksky, Bulunsky and Srednekolymsky), this is mainly due to the presence of subsidized flights on socially significant air routes. In comparison with the average indicators for Russia, there is a low aviation mobility, the level of which on local routes is 3 times lower than in Russia. in transport mobility of the inhabitants of Yakutia. The low level of development of local air and road passenger transportation is a consequence of the high cost of transportation in comparison with the income level of the population, which hinders the increase in transport mobility.