ГЕОПРОСТОРОВІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ КРАЇН ПІВДЕННОЇ АЗІЇ

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze the geospatial features of economic globalization in South Asia which is characterized by the largest population among the World's macro-regions, special geoeconomic position and role in the World economy. Method. Features of economic globalization of the macro-region countries are analyzed due to the indicators of foreign trade turnover, its volume and structure, directions of foreign trade flows, technological level of products of the countries, and trends of incoming foreign direct investment in the countries. Particular attention is paid to human-geographical features and dynamics of foreign trade and investment flows in all countries of the region. The processes of globalization are reflected by the indicator of the level of openness of the economy in the countries of the macro-region of South Asia. The grouping of countries according to the peculiarities of economic globalization in macro-region is carried out by the method of multidimensional (taxonomic) analysis and a graph "tree of combinations" creating with a detailed description of the identified taxa (groups) of countries. Ten relative indicators have been selected for multidimensional taxonomy, including the level of economic development, foreign trade indicators, indicators of the technological structure of exports of goods, indicators of incoming financial flows. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the main geospatial features of economic and globalization processes in the countries of the South Asian macro-region have been comprehensively analyzed in this article. Development factors, the latest trends (2010-2020) and geospatial features of foreign trade and foreign direct investment in the macroregion are highlighted dased on the latest data from reputable international organizations. The peculiarities of the technological level of export products of South Asian countries are described. The coverage of imports by exports in foreign trade and services is analyzed. The dynamics of economic openness (export-import quota) in the countries of the macro-region is also highlighted. For the first time in domestic studies of human geography of macroregions of the World the taxa (groups) of countries and substantiating these groupes of countries as per economic globalization in South Asia was characterized in details using the method of multidimensional (taxonomic) analysis and construction of "tree of combinations" graph: (a) Maldives; b) India, Bhutan; c) other countries of South Asia. Practical meaning. The research results can be used to plan the features of the economic (in particular, trade and investment), etc. types of cooperation between Ukraine (or other countries) and the countries of South Asia. The research methodology can also be used for a detailed analysis of economic-geographical factors of macroregion development and spatial analysis of economic globalization in other macroregions and for didactic purposes.