ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СЕЛЕКЦИОННО-ЦЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ ТРИТИКАЛЕ РАЗЛИЧНОГО МОРФОТИПА

Abstract

The article studies triticale samples from the VIR world collection by morphological characteristics and identifies among them those combining economically valuable characteristics. When selecting the material, we adhered to the principle of sampling from a wide variety of the most typical representatives. All studied forms have 42 chromosomes in the genome. According to their lifestyle, they are subdivided into winter crops (29 samples) and spring crops (27 samples). According to the presence of a complete or partial set of rye chromosomes in the genome, triticale are grouped into typical (RR) – 43 in total and substituted "R" by "D" (R/D) – 13. Information on the origin of the studied samples is given in Table 1. The most significant material represented by triticale samples obtained at the VIR Dagestan experimental station and from Mexico. Almost all triticale from Russia and European countries are winter crops; those from Mexican and other American countries are spring crops. The study of hexaploid triticale selectively valuable traits showed that R/D substituted forms have better indicators compared to the triticale with a complete rye genome (RR) in the following traits: 1000 grain weight, grain fullness, grain size and lodging resistance. For the rest of the studied traits (stem weight with spike, spike weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, and resistance to fungal diseases), the RR of triticale exceeds the R/D substituted forms. However, it should be noted that by such traits as the weight of the ear and the weight of the grain from one ear, their percentage to the weight of the whole plant is higher in R/D triticale.