Abstract
Insulinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor arising from β-cells of the islets of Langerhans, causing hypoglycemic attacks due to endogenous hyperinsulinism. The worldwide prevalence is approximately 1 case per 250,000–1,000,000 population, the incidence is 1–4 cases per million population per year. In most cases, the formation of insulinoma is sporadic (90%), less often it can be detected as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (10%). This review discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypoglycemic syndrome, criteria for differential diagnosis, modern laboratory and imaging methods, and approaches to the treatment of insulinoma. A clinical observation is presented that demonstrates the difficulties of timely diagnosis of insulinoma due to nonspecific manifestations of hypoglycemia. The time that elapses from the first manifestations of hypoglycemic syndrome to diagnosis directly affects the prognosis and quality of life of a patient with insulinoma. It requires vigilance from doctors of all specialties regarding the clinical features of this disease.
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