Неотложная помощь при экстренных состояниях в диабетологии

Abstract

Management of medical emergencies in diabetology is an essential area of interest for anesthesiology and intensive care medicine. The main complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) that require intensive treatment and pose a risk of death are hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). This paper provides an analysis of modern scientific publications devoted to clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia, DKA and HHS, and specific aspects of urgent care in these conditions. As demonstrated by data provided here, intensive therapy of these complications of DM is based on stabilization of blood glucose levels, administration of intravenous insulin in DKA and HHS, as well as infusion therapy and correction of electrolyte disturbances. This work discusses the main medications used for treatment of hypoglycemia, DKA and HHS, along with their dosing regimens and routes of administration. Emphasis is made on measures for prevention of cerebral edema, which the main complication associated with these conditions. Knowledge and strict adherence to therapeutic algorithms in medical emergencies in diabetology will help improve clinical outcomes, reduce the risk of complications and bring down death rates.