Разрушения резервуаров и способы минимизации негативных последствий

Abstract

Introduction. The most widely used for the storage of oil and petroleum products at industrial enterprises both in Russia and abroad, were vertical steel cylindrical tanks). However, despite the significant world experience in the design, construction and operation of vertical steel cylindrical tanks, from time to time their failures (destruction) occur, leading to negative consequences. Interacting with normative earthen landslides or enclosing walls, the resulting powerful hydrodynamic flow of liquid flows through them, spilling over a large area, involving in the incident nearby tanks, buildings, structures, pipelines, which leads to the cascading development of the accident, significant material damage, often to injuries and loss of life. Thus, a more detailed consideration of the effectiveness of existing ways to minimize the negative consequences of tanks destruction, as well as problematic issues of some promising methods on the topic under consideration, seems relevant. Goals and objectives. Identify the most effective ways to minimize the negative consequences of possible destruction of vertical steel cylindrical tanks. Analyze the consequences of characteristic accidents of vertical steel cylindrical tanks at production facilities. To propose a classification of methods on the basis of preventing or localizing the breakthrough wave formed during the destruction of vertical steel cylindrical tanks. To consider the problematic issues of promising ways to localize flammable liquid. Methods. In the process of developing a number of ways to minimize the negative consequences of accidents on vertical steel cylindrical tanks, methods of similarity theory and laboratory modeling, physical experiment, observation, comparison, finding empirical dependencies based on mathematical processing of experimental data, description, generalization were used. Results and their discussion. It has been established that the most effective way is to eliminate the dangerous factor (breakthrough wave) through the use of underground or horizontal tanks. Effective ways to localize the flow of liquid include the arrangement of an enclosing wall with a wave reflective visor or a protective wall additional to the normative fence. A promising method includes the construction of tanks of the "glass in a glass" type. Conclusion. The effectiveness of the considered methods should be taken into account, first of all, by the owners of hazardous production facilities, specialists of design organizations and supervisory authorities to find optimal solutions for the safe operation of tanks, including, if necessary, their placement in settlements, near water areas and federal highways. Keywords: tank, destruction, breakthrough wave, earthen collapse, enclosing wall, enclosing wall with a wave reflective visor, additional protective wall, "glass in a glass" tank.