Міжнародні інтеграційні та дезінтеграційні процеси: суперечливі наслідки.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of integration and disintegration processes in the modern world economy. The objective causes and potential consequences of international integration are analyzed. It is generally recognized that the basis of integration processes lies in the internationalization of production processes as the general tendency of the development of the world economy. If the topic of integration was the most productive and active development of economic science in the 60’s and 70’s of the 20th century, then the theme of disintegration began to become more active in the 1990s. This is due to a number of reasons. First, the collapse of the Soviet Union turned the disintegration from a purely theoretical problem to a practical one. Second, disintegration processes began to take place in a number of European countries. And if in some of them this process was rather tolerant and relatively calm (for example, the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia), then in others it was accompanied even by war, which caused the necessity of interfering in this process of the world community (Yugoslavia). Thirdly, the centrifugal processes became more active in the most integrated association of the modern world - the European Union; Brexit was the highest form of it. The processes of disintegration, despite their peaceful or conflict nature, certainly have both positive and negative consequences for the economy of the country and the world as a whole. The latter can be mitigated by a successful monetary, fiscal, trade policy of the state. To evaluate the consequences of disintegration in absolute terms is rather difficult. It is possible to estimate approximately the revenues of the state in the conditions of its participation in the integration union and the effect of preferential tariffs and the probable income in the absence of a preferential regime and an increase in trade with other states. At the same time, it is impossible to assess the value of political sovereignty, cultural and social independence. Therefore, the decision on integration or disintegration, as a rule, is taken not on the basis of clear economic calculations, but as a consequence of the ratio of the value orientations of countries and their leaders.