Abstract
Education and human upbringing for the narodniks (populists) were the main factors of progressive development. The teachers-populists influenced the formation of the worldview of Russian scientists of the second half of the XIX century, who revealed the patterns of development of Russian society. They laid the idea of nationality at the foundation of the pedagogical system. Education in Russian society, according to the narodniks, is not connected with the environment a person is born in and destined to. The natural disproportion between the sensual and the rational in the development of the organism generates insoluble contradictions. The education system is built on the basis of the mentality of the Russian people. The narodniks presented the education of man as a return to his original self. Education was supposed to develop self-awareness and social responsibility of the people.
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