조선 후기 학문 지형과 경전 해석의 변화

Abstract

The change in international order in East Asia in the late Joseon Dynasty made it difficult to fully accept the Chinese-centered world order. Joseon claimed to be precious as a bearer of civilization, putting the Chunchudaeui(春秋大義) and the Jonjuron(尊周論). Joseon’s Sinocentrism centered on culture, brought about changes in the academic landscape. With a sense of crisis for Dohak(道學) and Dotong(道統), he deepened the dogmatic harmony of Neo- Confucianism, and the study centered on the theory of mind formed a trend. The psychological development of Neo-Confucianism in the late Joseon Dynasty aimed at establishing the moral subject, and in the process of constructing the thesis for each school, the interpretation of the scriptures was developed. On the other hand, a group of intellectuals who experienced the Qing Dynasty’s cultural and property system crossed the ideological boundary of Huai(華夷) and promoted Bukhak(北學), which prioritized people's livelihood and practical use. In particular, Hong Dae-yong’s cultural pluralistic perspective, which discussed the relativity of culture at the cosmic level, led to a re-evaluation of the value of Joseon's history and culture, and opened the way for Silhak based on sincerity. In addition, the change in the interpretation of the scriptures also showed the influence of Yangming Studies while re-questioning the origin of advanced Confucianism. Jeong Yak-yong took the method of interpreting the scriptures with the scriptures, but added his own views. The vast academic achievements did not stop at empirically arranging previous commentaries, but went on to a new interpretation of human nature. On the other hand, Choi Han-gi understood the change of academics in the past as the accumulation of empirical knowledge, and showed originality by taking the existing real world as a scripture, not a literal scripture. For Choi Han-gi, the scriptures were not texts and books, but rather the real world in motion. The thinking system of Unhwa and Gihak, which integrates the universe, nature and human beings, underpins this. Although Jeong Yak-yong and Choi Han-ki's understanding of the scriptures was different, a hermeneutical approach to the scriptures could be a path to explore the philosophical characteristics of both, who were distinguished in the academic landscape of the late Joseon Dynasty.