Abstract
The article is based on the report at the seminar № 1 of “Russian Civilizational Development Project” dated to 27th October 2020. (This project is a megatheme of the Institute of philosophy RAS, headed by the academician Andrey V. Smirnov). The article reviews key theoretical and methodological problems of civilizational research in the context of the named megatheme. The author uses the results of earlier researches [24; 25], in particular methodology of the anthroposociocultural approach which he elaborated within the framework of the RFBR research project, its general characteristics were published in the “Sociological Research” with the support of the RFBR [26]. The author attempted to take into account the discussion that took place at the seminar, without changing the meaning of the text of the report, but clarifying its provisions. The author also shortened the already published part of the text on the uniqueness of civilizations [27] and suggested some supplements in conclusion. A detailed justification of some of thesis and brief texts, which illustrate the positions of the cited authors, are given in the appendices to the main text.
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