МЕТАФОРИЧНІ СЦЕНАРІЇ В ПСИХОТЕРАПЕВТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ ІРВІНА ЯЛОМА

Abstract

The article focuses on investigating psychotherapeutic discourse in view of cognitive linguistic approach. The objective of the present research is to reveal and describe the metaphor scenarios that constitute the range of the conceptual metaphor with the target domain PSYCHOTHERAPY, objectifi ed in the psychotherapeutic discourse. The study is based on the novels When Nietzsche Wept (1992) and The Schopenhauer Cure (2005) by a contemporary American existential psychiatrist, professor of psychiatry Irvin Yalom, the author of psychotherapeutic fi ction and nonfi ction. The psychotherapeutic discourse under study is viewed as a specifi c type of discourse that combines the properties of scientifi c discourse of individual and group psychotherapy and fi ction. The methodology of the practical analysis is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Specifi cally, by applying the theory of metaphor scenarios, grounded by Andreas Musolff , we analyze metaphor scenarios that structure the particular source domains in their discourse manifestations. Within this approach, metaphor scenarios are viewed as discourse-mediated mininaratives, more specifi c than domains. The article discusses the following metaphor scenarios, objectifying the target domain (i.e., the process of group and individual psychotherapy) in the psychotherapeutic discourse by Irving Yalom: PSYCHOTHERAPY IS JOURNEY → PSYCHOTHERAPY IS MOUNTAIN TRIP BY THE TORRENT, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS SEA VOYAGE, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS FAMILY RELATIONS, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS HOUSECLEANING, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS CHIMNEY SWEEPING, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS CHESS GAME, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS GARDENING, PSYCHOTHERAPY IS DRESS REHEARSAL. The metaphoric scenarios, being discourse-based, highlight the relevant conceptual properties of the target domain in the novels, revealing focal points for conceptualizing group and individual therapy process. The analyzed scenarios highlight the therapist-patient cooperation properties, as well as the metaphoric roles of the therapist and patient within the scenarios under study, such as: GUIDE (RAILING BY THE TORRENT, CRUTCH) /TRAVELLER (STUDENT), SEA CAPTAIN/PASSENGER, PARENT/CHILD, OPENER OF RUSTY GATES, CHIMNEY-SWEEPER/OVERSEER, CHESS PLAYERS/OPPONENTS, GARDENER/ PLANT (LATE BLOOMER), THEATRE ACTORS. Key words: conceptual metaphor, domain, the range of metaphor, cognitive mechanisms, psychotherapeutic discourse, frame, metaphor scenario.