ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ГУМИНОВЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

Abstract

Further development of organic agricultural production requires large volumes of organic fertilizers. Due to the sharp reduction in cattle, there is a lack of organic fertilizer in the form of animal waste. To solve this problem, eleven technological lines for processing natural organic raw materials in the form of peat, brown coal, and sapropel were developed, considering customers’ technical requirements, and then delivered to some regions of Russia and Belarus. The authors analyzed the operation of these lines, and based on the study of the operation of individual units and assemblies, identified technical and technological problems. They studied and analyzed the possibilities of developing technological lines using modular equipment of machine-building organizations to process organic raw materials for making humic fertilizers. The research results made it possible to modernize individual technological lines using new innovative developments and modular equipment. Using a new design of a hydromechanical cleaner to clean the peat suspension before feeding it into the reactor increased the level of its purification to 97…98%. Reinforcement of the technological line with modular equipment (vibratory mill of MV-20 type) for grinding coal increased the quality of the reactor and reduced the ballast content after filtration to 1…3%. The dispersion of the fertilizer suspension supplied for filtration decreased to 50…70 microns. The introduction of the design of a new high-power dismembrator made it possible to reduce the production cycle time by 30 minutes. An additional installation of a hydromechanical cavitator increased the efficiency of extracting humic acids from organic raw materials. The microelement dosing system has been modernized to produce concentrated fertilizers up to 2.5 tons per shift. The research results have determined the expediency of further development of technological lines based on modular equipment.