ІСТОРИЧНІ ПАРКИ УКРАЇНИ. ВІД ІСТОРІЇ ДО СУЧАСНОСТІ

Abstract

Abstract. The article explores the issues of the emergence and development of historical parks in Ukraine. There are four periods of formation and development of historical parks in Ukraine: the first ‒ from the times of Kievan Rus to the middle of the 17th century (the origin of park building), the second ‒ from the middle of the 17th century before the revolution of 1917 (construction of mainly private palaces and park ensembles), the third ‒ from 1918 to 1991 (soviet period), the fourth ‒ from 1991 to the present (the period of independence of Ukraine). The definition of the concept «historical park» is given. The park is a work of art. A unique situation in human practice: to create a living and perfect work of art at the same time. Gardens and parks provide this opportunity. The park is history. The historical park preserves and broadcasts this history to us ‒ it is an object of cultural heritage, our common heritage. Sometimes the park is also a museum-reserve and bears the function of preserving heritage. Historical gardens and parks often acquire the status of monuments. Monuments of landscape gardening art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include plants, landscape features (hills, water sources and waterfalls, stream or river valleys, stones, rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes wetlands), architectural structures, sculptures, flower beds, etc. Historical parks of cities include palaces and manor complexes, botanical gardens, city parks and memorial parks, as well as parks-monuments. In total, there are 88 historical parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of national and 426 local significances in Ukraine. Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of local importance include: parks of culture and recreation, arboretums, woodlands used as recreation parks, and other objects. In particular, in the Odessa region there are 22 parks-monuments, in the city of Odessa ‒ 5 parks-monuments of gardening art (T. Shevchenko Park, Dyukovsky Garden, City Garden, Victory Arboretum, Park named after Savitsky). The article highlights the main problems in the restoration work of historical parks and solutions. The history of the emergence and development of parks in Ukraine is analyzed. It was concluded that the historical parks are multifaceted and interesting not only for architectural ensembles, but also for their biocenosis.