КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ РУССКОГО СТИЛЯ ГОРОДА ВОРОНЕЖ

Abstract

The article outlines the role and significance of the period of the Russian style in the historical development of the city of Voronezh. The stages of the development of the Russian style from the middle of the XIX – early XX centuries in the city of Voronezh and their characteristic regional features are considered. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the architectural buildings of the Russian style of Voronezh is carried out to identify the techniques of spatial composition, architectural planning solutions, compositional construction and artistic methods of facade design. Particular attention is paid to stylistic, compositional and morphological analyses of architectural details of building facades and decor. The research of the composite structure of facades is based on the scientific methodology developed by S.V. Sementsov, which allowed to analyze the facade construction system and present a comparative analysis of two periods of the development of the Russian style. The compositional principles of the axial construction of facades, the analysis of rhythm and meter, the breakdown of the facade into horizontal and vertical divisions, the location of plastic decor and the choice of color solutions are described. Then, on the basis of the theory of architectural forms, a morphological analysis of the architectural decor of buildings was carried out: crowning elements, window and door frames. The characteristic facade forms for the architecture of the Russian style of Voronezh are revealed, the variants of their layout and the varieties of building materials used are analyzed.