Перлокутивные глаголы и вид в русском языке

Abstract

Jiahua Zhang, Ilya Borisovich Shatunovskiy: Perlocutionary Verbs and Verbal Aspect in RussianThe article deals with the aspectual peculiarities of perlocutionary verbs (PV), such as ubežhdat’ ‘to convince / persuade’, nastaivat’ ‘to insist’, ugovarivat’ ≈‘to persuade’, uspokaivat’ ‘to calm’, objasn'at’ ‘to explain’ and others in Russian. The imperfective aspect of the PV denotes activity consisting in saying a sequence of utterances aimed to achieve certain perlocutionary goal. The perfective aspect of PV can be of two types: (1) ‘X said “P” with the aim to achieve a perlocutionary goal, whether the goal achieved or not remains unknown’; (2) ‘X achieved the goal of the perlocutionary activity, what has been said for that remains not expressed in the sentence’. In which sense the perfective form of the verb is used depends on the verb being conative or nonconative. Conative verbs have the perfective (2), nonconative verbs have the perfective (1). Explanations for what the perfective “said” means in this case, why it is coded as the perfective, and why conative and nonconative PVs differ in this respect are proposed.