Анатомические особенности ахиллова сухожилия у кошки домашней

Abstract

The article presents the morphological and functional characteristics of the muscles that form the Achilles tendon in felines. The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals. Professor A. F. Klimov Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Skryabin. The objects of research were 10 outbred cats aged from 1 to 6 years, kept at home, without pronounced signs of pathology of the musculoskeletal system. When studying the structural and functional features of the Achilles tendon, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including classical and fine anatomical preparation under the control of a binocular loupe, followed by a description of the identified structures, biomechanical modeling with an analysis of the stato-locomotor act. It has been established that in a cat, the domestic muscular apparatus, which forms the Achilles tendon, has general patterns of anatomical structure, characteristic of representatives of other taxonomic categories. At the same time, we have identified species-specific anatomical features characteristic of Feliadae representatives. So the biceps femoris in the form of a powerful muscle layer located on the latero-caudal surface of the femur is represented by the union of a wide cranial and narrow caudal heads. Both heads with their initial tendon are fixed on the ischial tuberosity and, following distally, differentiate into three terminal branches: knee, tibia and calcaneus, while the calcaneal branch is woven into the Achilles tendon. The calcaneal branches of the biceps, semitendinosus and triceps muscles, as well as the superficial flexor of the fingers, take part in the structural design of the Achilles tendon. The identified specific anatomical features of the muscular system that form the Achilles tendon in a domestic cat are expressed in the specific fixation of the heads of the biceps femoris muscle, the structural design of the semitendinosus and triceps muscles of the leg.