Дослідження процесу формування у ґрунті вологоутримуючого шару

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the regularity of moisture redistribution from organic fertilizers of high humidity to soil layers for the formation of a moisture-retaining layer during the cultivation of agricultural crops. For research, soil, organic fertilizers of high humidity and soil again were laid in layers in cylindrical containers. The moisture content of the layers was measured every 7-10 days. As a result, a clear distribution of the humidity of the layers was found in all variants of the experiment. The minimum humidity is found in the upper layer. The greatest migration of moisture to the upper layer took place on clay soil and the application of organic fertilizer sapropel + chaff of wheat straw. The moisture accumulated in the middle layer of organic fertilizers migrated the most to the lower layer in all variants of the experiment with clay soil, where the equalization of moisture in the middle and lower layers occurred during the first 30 days of the study. In the variants of the experiment with sandy soil, the maximum moisture retention in the middle layer was found for the organic fertilizer sapropel + wood sawdust and sapropel + wheat straw chaff. In order to implement the process of forming a layer of fertilizers with increased soil moisture under the conditions of growing agricultural crops of the wide-row sowing method, a scheme of a modernized spreader of organic fertilizers is proposed. The revealed regularities indicate the expediency of using sapropel of natural humidity for the formation of a nutrient layer on sandy soil. For the purpose of mechanized application by the working bodies of machines for solid organic fertilizers, it is advisable to mix sapropel with available organic fillers. The introduction of a method of growing agricultural crops with a wide-row sowing method, which involves the creation of strips of organic fertilizers of high humidity in the soil, can be implemented on the basis of a modernized, according to the scheme given in the article, spreader of organic fertilizers.