Место кицдойч в рамках литературного немецкого языка

Abstract

The article analyzes the main definitions of the concept of „language norm“ by domestic and foreign linguists of the early 20–21st centuries. Thus, the dichotomy of F. de Saussure “language” and “speech” is considered, on the basis of which most studies of the concept of “norm” were built. The definitions of the norm given by E. Coseriu, representatives of the Prague Linguistic Circle are analyzed. The social and dynamic nature of the language norm is revealed in the definitions of Russian scientists: A. M. Peshkovsky, S. I. Ozhegov, D. N. Ushakov and V. I. Dal, L. V. Shcherba, L. I. Skvortsov. The ratio of dynamism and stability in relation to the language norm is considered. It is emphasized that it is the language norm, which is the basis of such concepts as the correctness/incorrectness of speech, the culture of speech, that ensures the integrity of any language system. The literary and linguistic norm is singled out, to which the qualities of special correctness are attributed. The ratio of the literary norm and dialects is determined. The concept of the literary norm in German linguistics, as well as its significance in the modern German language, is considered. The concepts of literary (codified) German, standard language, as well as Hochsprache/Hochdeutsch are analyzed. The article considers kitzdeutsch as a result of the negative impact on the German language of the political processes taking place in Germany. Kitzdeutsch is defined as a social dialect resulting from the incomplete linguistic integration of migrants and based on a mixture of grammatical, lexical and stylistic features of two or more languages. Based on the analysis of texts, the linguistic features of the kitzdeutsch sociolect are revealed at the lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonetic levels. The place of kitzdeutsch in German literary language is determined.