МЕТОДИ СТАТИСТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ: КРИТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД

Abstract

The article discusses various methods of modeling economic processes, in particular methods of multidimensional statistics, such as cluster analysis, multidimensional ranking, taxonomic analysis, multiple regression and correlation, discriminant analysis, multidimensional scaling, etc. Methods of statistical modeling are systematized and visualized. The variety of methods of modeling economic processes requires their systematization and comparative analysis. A critical overview of multidimensional statistical methods and methods used to analyse one-dimensional economic processes helps researchers understand which modeling method to choose and which prerequisites for using the method should be considered. The essence of the methods of multidimensional statistics is briefly described and certain features of these methods, prerequisites for their use, etc. are indicated. An example of the use of one of the methods of statistical modeling, taxonomic analysis at the regional level, is given. The taxonomic indicators of the development of the regions of Ukraine were calculated, as well as the leader regions and outsider regions were selected based on the results of the taxonomic analysis. The article states that taxonomic analysis can also be attributed to the group of classification methods, since in the process of applying the method, elements are not simply ordered, but also search for distances to the standard vector, which is already a sign of clustering. The taxonomic analysis of the regions of Ukraine was carried out according to such indicators as capital investments, foreign trade turnover, the unemployment rate and the number of active business entities. Standardization of indicators was carried out using the range of variation, taking into account stimulating indicators and destimulating indicators. Thus, it can be clearly seen that the leading regions mostly include those regions that are industrially developed, and the outsider regions are those areas that require additional capital investments. The results and recommendations are presented for the year 2021, since in February 2022 a full-scale russian invasion of the territory of Ukraine took place.