ОЦІНКА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ: РЕЙТИНГОВИЙ ПІДХІД

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to review existing ratings of international competitiveness and assess the level of competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine. The essence of the term "competitiveness of the national economy" is considered, the author's definition of this concept is given. An overview of the current ratings for assessing the competitiveness of national economies was made, including the Global Competitive Index, Global Innovation Index, Bloomberg Innovation Index, Economic Freedom Index, World Competitiveness Ranking, and other indices characterizing the level of digital transformation of the economy. The method of their calculation and a set of indicators are described. The position of Ukraine in the Global Competitive Index for the period 2012-2019 was determined, the reasons for low competitiveness ratings were analyzed, and the biggest factor inhibiting the growth of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy was identified. The strong and weak links of the innovative system of Ukraine are characterized according to the Global Innovation Index. Infrastructure, state institutions, and the development of the domestic market are among the weaknesses. The strengths of the innovative system of Ukraine are related to the results of the use of knowledge and technologies; with the results of creative activity; business development and the quality of human capital and science. The position of Ukraine in the rating of global digital competitiveness for the period 2017-2021 was considered. The protection of intellectual property rights and high investment risks are among the weaknesses of Ukraine in this rating. The dynamics of Ukraine's assessment of economic freedom and the country's position according to the Human Development Index were studied. The article draws attention to the reduction of the gross domestic product, the increase in the level of unemployment and inflation in Ukraine as a result of the long-term armed aggression of the Russian Federation, which will become a key factor in reducing the level of competitiveness of the national economy in the future.