Развитие высшего образования в России: парадигма фундаментальности

Abstract

The subject of the study is the fundamental problems of the development of higher education in Russia, due to the need to neutralize the destructive reforms implemented in the 1990s, ensuring a return to the basic principles of fundamental, rather than competence–based education. The purpose of the work is to identify the needs for a reverse transition from competencies to fundamental education with the deployment of personnel planning at the macroeconomic level of management of the Russian state. The research methodology consists of comparative institutional analysis, conceptual approaches to assessing the impact of higher education on economic development. It is concluded that the application of the Bologna education system has caused the undermining of the competitiveness of Russian universities, reducing the effectiveness of training highly qualified specialists. There was an effect of emasculating the procedures for training highly qualified personnel, and dysfunction in the activities of higher education in Russia increased. This was facilitated by the lack of planning at the federal level for the training of personnel for the national economy. The result of the analysis boils down to the fact that in relation to Russia, the doctrine of socialization of higher education should be implemented in full accordance with the Constitution as the basic source of the Russian legal system, where Russia is called a social state. This means equal and free access to higher education, which ensures the reproduction of national personnel (and not the provision of services), regardless of the level of personal income. Thus, in the strategic dimension, it is necessary to strengthen public higher education, which provides for the elimination of private forms of organization of this activity that have shown their inefficiency, and the establishment of a common vector for the de-elitization of higher education. It is concluded that the main emphasis in personnel training should be placed on increasing the knowledge intensity and research component of higher education in various specialties. It requires the training of a significant layer of specialists in each field with the strengthening of their general fundamental training. It is useful to recreate the system of employment of specialists in the public and private sectors of the economy.