고려인과 러시아 독일인 디아스포라와 하이데거의 ‘고향’-존재

Abstract

This paper is about Koryoin and Russian German Diaspora in Russia and Heidegger’s basic concept of “homeland” (Heimat) as being. Korean diaspora to Russia began, in the late years of the Joseon Dynasty. Since the Middle Ages, Russified Germans have lived in Russia. In the latter half of the 19th century, many Koreans and Germans left their motherland, either spontaneously or compulsively, and built diasporic communities abroad in Russia. A return (or reverse diaspora) was always part of the discourse of these displaced subjects. In surveying the Koryoin and Russified Germans, this paper re-reads German philosopher Martin Heidegger, German poet Friedrich Hölderlin, and Korean poet Su-Young Kim; each is understood to share ontological affinity while exploring both philosophically and literarily the concept of “homeland.” According to Heidegger, Heimat can be conceptualized as “the most forgotten and at the same time the most remembered.” After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Wladimir Kim, a professor from Uzbekistan, returned to his homeland. He is now working as an unskilled laborer in Korea. He has published two books of poetry, including The First Snow in Kwangju, which delves thematically into his experiences as a double outsider within Korea. Eleonora Hummels is a Russian German writer: what separates her experiences from those of Wladimir Kim is that Hummels returned to Germany from Russia returned in the early 1980s; she has had more time to be accepted as a sovereign German subject. This paper reads Heimat as an implicit spectral presence within both writers’ literary productions.