Abstract
Introduction. The paper (a) presents the principles of the subjective-existential approach, (b) overviews its theoretical and methodological models, and (c) describes the phenomenology of protest activity. The subjective-existential approach focuses on value foundations of personal being, and also the way the individual resolves contradictions in the spaces of his/her life. Protest activity deconstructs micro- and macro-society in accordance with personal self-determination. Value-meaning positioning and existential self-determination are key characteristics of the protest activity system. The study introduces (a) a structural dialectical model of protest, and (b) typology of protest forms. These protest forms are modes of being, resulting from individual subject activity.
 Methods. The empirical study of value-meaning positioning in destructive protest forms (n = 2600; M = 21.3 years) employed the Protest Activity Questionnaire which included the following scales: emancipation, negativism, opposition, escapism, and nihilism. The test was valid, reliable (Cronbach’s alpha (α) ranged from 0.63 to 0.81), and structured. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model was as follows: CMIN/DF = 1,084; IFI = 0,987; CFI = 0,989; RMSEA = 0,013. The study employed factor and correlation analysis.
 Results. A value-meaning contradiction in the destructive forms of protest (opposition, nihilism, escapism, and negativism) consisted in the respondents’ desire to express their personality by choosing socially unapproved forms of subjective positioning. Individuals with non-constructive forms of protest did not accept the uncertainty of the external and inner world and refused existential self-determination. Deformation and devaluation of spiritual values were characteristic for destructive forms of protest.
 Discussion. Personal contradictions depend on the problem of alienation, self-identification, and also inability to form and maintain an authentic being in individuals with non-constructive forms of protest. When accumulating, these contradictions become insuperable and cause destructive protest. Addressing the causes of the person’s destructive activity – creating conditions for successful adolescent and adult socialization – is important.
Highlights
The paper (a) presents the principles of the subjective-existential approach, (b) overviews its theoretical and methodological models, and (c) describes the phenomenology of protest activity
The subjective-existential approach focuses on value foundations of personal being, and the way the individual resolves contradictions in the spaces of his/her life
Deformation and devaluation of spiritual values were characteristic for destructive forms of protest
Summary
Рассматриваются положения субъектно-бытийного подхода и демонстрируются его возможности для описания феноменологии протестной активности личности. Субъектно-бытийный подход ориентирован на выявление и анализ ценностных оснований личностной бытийности, а также возникающих и разрешаемых личностью противоречий в пространствах ее бытия. Исходя из понимания протестной активности как процесса, направленного на деконструкцию микро- и макросоциума сообразно особенностям личностного самоопределения, в качестве ключевых показателей системы протестной активности рассматриваются ценностно-смысловое позиционирование и экзистенциальное самоопределение. Представлены структурно-диалектическая модель протеста, типология протестных форм и осуществлен их анализ, как модусов бытия, формирующихся в результате субъектной активности личности. В эмпирическом исследовании ценностно-смыслового позиционирования личности в деструктивных формах протеста (n = 2600; M = 21,3 года) использован опросник «Протестная активность личности», состоящий из шкал: эмансипация, негативизм, оппозиция, эскапизм, нигилизм. Что желание выразить масштаб собственной личности на фоне выбора социально не одобряемых вариантов субъектного позиционирования составляет суть ценностно-смыслового противоречия в неконструктивных формах протеста (оппозиция, нигилизм, эскапизм, негативизм). В деструктивных формах протеста происходят деформация и девальвация духовных ценностей
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