Екстракція ксенобіотиків групи ПАВ з насіння соняшнику

Abstract

That paper is results of obtaining method for oil extract that concentrates lipophilic xenobiotics from oils seeds and can be used to prepare samples of sunflower seeds for measuring the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. In this work olive raw materials was grinded and homogenizated. The grinding time of each sample was individual and was varied from 0.5 to 8 minutes. The optimum conditions for homogenization of samples and conditions for xenobiotics extraction by means of maceration method are determined, optimal conditions are proposed for carrying out the procedure for preparing samples of sunflower seeds for the study of surfactant content. The investigated method of preparation of samples consists in obtaining an oil extract from a chloroform extract which was obtained by maceration, intensified by constant stirring at a rate of 200 revolutions per minute during 3 hours at a chloroform ratio:raw material equal to 1:10. Pieces are shredded to size of ≤ 2,0 mm of sunflower seeds used for extraction. Each sample of sunflower seeds and samples of sunflower seeds, after artificial contamination with solutions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group xenobiotics analytical standards (PAHs: benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthenum) were investigated. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the oil extracts obtained from the lipophilic xenobiotics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group was investigated by the method of highperformance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC/FLD) developed for surfactant laboratory control in vegetable oils at the NULES of Ukraine structural depatrment. The chromatographic control of xenobiotics of oil extraction comprises a step of specific solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. During the study of vegetable oils, it was discovered that on the column for solid-phase extraction there is an accumulation of chemical compounds that in the chemical structure belong to the class of aromatic compounds. It has been established that all compounds of the polycyclic group tested in the sample are removed during the maceration process. For laboratory tests of sunflower seeds artificially enriched with surfactants, it is characteristic that the established concentration is greater than the concentration of xenobiotics, the percentage of xenobiotic extraction is greater than 100%. This is due to the fact that a sample of sunflower seeds had a certain level of contamination, the quantitative measurement of trace amounts of components of a mixture of xenobiotics is limited to the limit of the quantitative measurement and technical capabilities of the HPLC/FLD equipment. The addition of analytical standards for surfactant mixtures can reveal the content of total contamination within the maximum error of the method (up to 20%). This method of preparing samples of sunflower seeds can also be offered for the preparation of samples of samples of other oil-containing raw materials, such as flax seeds. In the oil extracts of samples of sunflower seeds, which were not artificially enriched with surfactants, a list of normalized xenobiotics of the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was found.