ТРУДОВА МІГРАЦІЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

Abstract

In the conditions of the spread of dynamic globalization processes, migration is a natural phenomenon and an existential sign of the development of all countries of the world. Migration movements, which are characterized by considerable scales, have turned into a significant factor in the development of the globalized world. They influence the formation of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the population, socio-demographic and economic development, political and cultural spheres, etc. The article analyzes the problem of the impact of labor migration on the social security of the state. Factors that are influenced by emigration and immigration of labor resources are studied: social, demographic, political, economic, as well as the motives of Ukrainians going abroad. The negative impact of migration on social insecurity due to illegal employment, lack of social insurance is determined; limited social protection of migrants; unsettled issue of pension provision for Ukrainians working in countries with which there are no interstate agreements. In addition, the positive impact of labor migration on the acquisition of knowledge, improvement of qualifications, development of new technologies, professions, systems of organizing migrant production, improvement of the standard of living of migrant households, and reduction of poverty is determined. The impact of labor migration on the receiving state (social benefits for migrants, providing them with housing, transport, education, etc.) and the country of origin ("brain drain", competition in the labor market with local residents, reducing the general level of wages, improve the economic condition of their country by sending earned funds, etc.). According to the results of the study of the dynamics of the number of migrants arriving in Ukraine, it was established that their number has decreased. The assessment of the dynamics of the existing population showed that the population of Ukraine has decreased significantly. It was analyzed that the number of citizens who left the country decreased. Military operations in Ukraine provoked a significant number of able-bodied citizens to leave. As of February 2023, the number of Ukrainians living in different countries is 799,000. The majority plans to return to Ukraine, but there are some citizens who want to stay.