БАНКІВСЬКИЙ СЕКТОР УКРАЇНИ У ПЕРІОД ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

In the article was analyzed the work of the banking sector of Ukraine during the period of martial law, taking into account that it is one of the main sources of investment of financial resources in the national economy. It was considered the dynamics of the number of operating banks in the territory of Ukraine for the period of 2018–2022 and the reasons that led to a reduction of the number of banking institutions during the full-scale russian invasion. It was researched the NBU's activities to ensure the stable functioning of the banking system under martial law. First of all, this concerned a number of changes in regulations, the introduction of temporary measures for blanket refinancing of banks to maintain liquidity for up to one year, cash withdrawals from customer accounts, foreign exchange transactions, etc. The author analyzes the NBU's actions to cancel decisions to increase the mandatory reserve requirements and the conditions for the preparation and submission of financial statements by banks under martial law. It was analyzed the NBU's measures to assess credit risk by banks. The measures developed to ensure uninterrupted operation of banks due to problems in the energy infrastructure are important, especially the creation of the POWER BANKING project, which aims to create a joint banking network of branches that will be equipped with everything necessary to operate continuously in the context of a prolonged blackout. The factors that led to the increase in the discount rate and the NBU's policy on its further changes were analyzed. The state of the banking credit sector, changes in the volume and structure of banks' loan portfolios were assessed. The reasons for the increase in the share of non-performing loans (NPLs) are identified: destruction of assets of a number of enterprises, loss of collateral for lending, reduction in profits or losses, which led to the loss of borrowers' ability to repay loans. The priority lending areas for 2022 were analyzed. Conclusions were provided regarding the compliance of systemically important banking institutions with economic standards for credit risks. The prospects for further development of the Ukrainian banking system as an important condition for the recovery of the domestic economy and meeting the needs of individuals and corporate clients for banking products have been evaluated.