‘외래어 어근+-되다/-당하다/-시키다’ 파생어 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the acceptance pattern of the parts of speech of loanwords and the restrictions on the derived forms of the loanwords by targeting the verbs formed by combining the suffixes -doeda (되다) , -danghada (당하다), and -sikida (시키다) with the roots of loanwords in Korean. The pattern of acceptance of loanwords can be divided into three types according to the word’s part of speech in the source language. First, when loanwords are nouns in the original language, the word is derived by combining loan words with the derivation suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida without changing the part of speech. Second, when loanwords are verbs in the source language, they are accepted as roots that cannot be used independently in Korean; verbs are derived from loanwords by combining the latter with the suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida. Third, when loanwords are adjectives in the source language, they are accepted as roots that cannot be used independently in Korean. Verbs are then derived by combining these loanwords with the suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida. On the other hand, restrictions on the derived forms of loanwords can be divided along two dimensions. First, there is a semantic restriction regarding the use of the passive and causative affixes: -doeda/-danghada functions to reduce the verb’s valency and semantically adds the meaning of [passive]; contrariwise, -sikida functions to increase the verb’s valency and adds the meaning of [causative] semantically. Second, there is a binding restriction according to the part of speech of the root, such that the part of speech of the loanword in the source language is retained as much as possible.