СПЕЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО ЕКСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ДРАЙВЕРИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

Abstract

The specialization of countries in the world market is the basis of international trade. The theoretical foundations of global specialization are formed by the concepts of international trade, absolute and comparative advantages, opportunity costs. The export specialization of Ukraine and its agricultural sector is determined by six types of agri-food products: corn, wheat, barley, rapeseed, sunflower oil and cake, which provide almost a third of national and over 70% of agri-food exports of the country. Thus, Ukraine's agri-food exports mainly consist of raw materials and is hyperspecialized. Specialization and internationalization of agri-food production and exports of Ukraine are intensifying: the country’s share in global exports of these products is growing, the dependence of domestic farmers on imports of many types of production resources is critically increasing. At the same time, the share of the import component in Ukraine's exports of plant products is relatively small. The current model of Ukraine's global agri-food specialization needs to be adjusted. This is necessary both to preserve the natural resource potential of agricultural production and to ensure the development of the industry in line with modern global socio-economic trends. To do this, it is first necessary to expand the lists of agricultural products and importing countries, intensify the involvement of domestic producers in global value chains, as well as to increase the share of in-depth processing products. Achieving the set goals necessitates the development of transport and logistics infrastructure and the formation of an effective institutional environment in the country. All this should improve the conditions for conducting agrarian business and motivate it to comply with natural resource constraints and the development of production for deep processing of agricultural raw materials. In order to increase the number of importing countries and expand the scale of exports of domestic agri-food products, it is also necessary to intensify international trade and economic cooperation.