Abstract
This study aims to examine the process of becoming concrete from the dictionary meaning of Ḥadd (Ḥudūd), ‘boundary, limit’ to the meaning of Shariah, which is ‘crime and punishment determined by Allah’, its scope and legal basis. The word ‘Ḥudūd’ appears 14 times in 9 verses in the Koran and means ‘boundary set by Allah’. This was far from the meaning of Shariah and its scope was unclear. The chapter ‘Ḥudūd’ of the five Sunni Hadiths (Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmidi, and Ibn Maja) commonly mentioned illegal sexual acts (Zinā), drinking, and theft as Ḥadd (Ḥudūd), and individually mentioned robbery, apostasy, homosexuality, and rebellion. Also, the word ‘Ḥadd’, which was not mentioned in the Koran, was used together with ‘Ḥudūd’ to mean ‘crime and punishment determined by Allah’. So, it can be said that the meaning of ‘Ḥadd (Ḥudūd)’ in Sharia became concretized by Hadith. However, there were differences of opinion on the scope. The Sunni four major legal schools (Hanafi, Māliki, Shāfiʼi, and Hanbali) commonly included illegal sexual acts (Zinā), drinking, theft, slander, and robbery as Ḥadd(Ḥudūd).
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