Русские старожилы Енисейского округа во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ в.: хозяйственно-культурный облик

Abstract

The modern identity of the Russians of the Yenisei North is inextricably linked with the old-timers culture of Siberians, which has developed in difficult natural and climatic conditions. The Yenisei area is the territory of the primary settlement of Russians in the Yenisei Siberia. For nearly four centuries, the old-timers of this region have developed unique survival skills and created their own cultural and economic type, adapted to the conditions of the north. Traditions rooted in the Russian North have spread throughout the Yenisei Siberia. They ideally corresponded to the harsh conditions of Eastern Siberia and manifested themselves not only in the methods of farming, the typology of settlements and the types of their development, the architecture of the dwelling, the layout of the estate, some elements of clothing and footwear, but also in the features of the Orthodox culture. Russians adapted to the environment without changing their ethno cultural identity (lifestyle, language, religious beliefs) and, to a large extent, retaining their anthropological type. In the Yenisei area, two types of the old-timer culture of the Kezhmars and peasants of the Yenisei district developed. The first was dominated by the North Russian components, which became archaized due to isolation. However, over the centuries, it also absorbed elements of the local autochthonous culture of the Evenk people, which manifested itself in many features of economic management, material culture. The second, more syncretic, absorbed not only the North Russian components, but also the traditions of other places of origin, for example, the south of Russia, which was especially manifested in the festive culture of the old-timers.