БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВИДОВ ФИТОПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГРИБОВ, ПОРАЖАЮЩИХ ТОМАТЫ (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) В ЮЖНОМ РЕГИОНЕ КАЗАХСТАНА

Abstract

The article considers studies designed to justify the types of pathogens of tomatoes that occur during vegetation and storage, and measures to combat them. The work was carried out in 2019 on a land plot near the rural districts of Babaykorgan, Zhuynek, and Issa of the Turkestan region. As it became known, the growth period of vegetable seedlings depends on the temperature of the soil. In our experience, the seed material was planted in the open ground in early April. The soil was very hot and moist. Depending on the culture and varietal characteristics, the sprouts appeared on 6-15 days after sowing. The results of phytopathological control showed that various varieties of all types of tomatoes were affected by phytopathogenic microorganisms. During the growing season, the most dangerous disease in tomato fruit was apical rot of the fruit, which led to a significant decrease in the yield. The leaves are widely developed early blight and verticillus. Late blight at the end of the growing season was observed in full on both leaves and fruits (developed during fruit storage). When growing tomato crops at two sites was dominated by late blight, early blight, verticillus, viral diseases and apical rot. Based on the results of phytopathological control, it can be concluded that the number of fungal diseases prevailed in plot 1, which is associated with frequent irrigation on this site, its shading and a large number of fruits on plants. Viral diseases prevailed in plot 2, which is explained by weeds clogging the plot.