Управління структурою і властивостями ливарного алюмінієвого сплаву АМ4.5Кд (ВАЛ10) модифікуванням дрібнокристалічними лігатурами

Abstract

To management the structure, mechanical and operational properties of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy АМ4.5Кд (ВАЛ10), the work uses a modification method based on the principle of structural inheritance, using rapidly cooled (Vcool. ≥ 10^5 °С/s) fine-crystal ligatures AlTi5 and AlZr10, and as well as ligatures of the chemical composition of the base alloy with nanoscale size of intermetallics and Alα crystals. Studies have shown that the introduction of fine-crystalline additives into the melt leads to a transition from a dendritic to a non-dendritic structure, a significant decrease in the size of the crystals of the Alα solid solution, and an increase in its degree of supersaturation. The microstructure becomes more uniform - the difference between the maximum and minimum size of the grains decreases. The most effective reduction of the grain size and the transition from dendritic to non-dendritic structure of the aluminum solid solution at increased cooling rates occurs when alloying with fine-crystal AlTi5 ligature introduced into the melt in terms of pure titanium 0.05-0.15 wt. %. We must think that the main factor of modification by rapidly cooled ligatures is the introduction of a large number of additional crystallization centers into the melt. After T6 heat treatment, the highest strength of AM4.5Kd alloy (VAL10) is achieved when modified with AlZr10 ligature, in particular, with a mass fraction of zirconium of 0.25%. Probably, this is mainly due to the expansion of the region of the solid solution of copper and zirconium in aluminum during high-speed cooling and its subsequent disintegration during heat treatment with the release of strengthening nano-sized CuAl2 and Al3Zr phases. Tribological studies of AM4.5Kd alloy (VAL10) were carried out. The alloy modified with fine crystal ligature of the base alloy composition in the amount of 12 wt.% has the highest wear resistance. Keywords: fine crystal ligatures, AM4.5Kd (VAL10), modification, microstructure, strength, wear resistance.