О СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦАХ И СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИХ МИФАХ (ЧАСТЬ 2)

Abstract

Статья посвящена русской грамматической традиции в установлении единиц синтаксиса, рассматриваемой с позиций понимания науки как системы операций с утверждениями. Анализируются два компонента формирования этой традиции: собственные утверждения ученых касательно единиц и объектов синтаксиса и интерпретация утверждений предшественников, которая может находиться на разном расстоянии от оригинальной научной парадигмы, в которой эти утверждения изначально были сделаны. Выявляется ряд неточностей в оперировании утверждениями, сделанными классиками отечественной лингвистики А. А. Шахматовым и В. В. Виноградовым, у их последователей Abstract Within the modern methodological framework of regarding science as operations with statements (B. Latour, S. Woolgar) the article aims at answering the question: which approaches to syntactic units could really be labelled as the Russian grammar tradition Two aspects constituting this tradition are discussed: independent statements made by outstanding scientists (original texts) and their later interpretations (posttexts) which may be rather distant from the original paradigm these statements were made in. Comparing the original texts and later posttexts, we discover and try to systematize the misrepresentations and misinterpretations which are further spread among new generations of linguists via internet. Thus, comparison of statements on syntactic units made by the fathers of Russian linguistics A. A. Shakhamatov and V. V. Vinogradov and their re ection in the works of their successors reveals a number of inaccuracies which themselves form a tradition. The fact that substantial misinterpretations of the fathers syntactic views can be found even in classical university textbooks is illustrated by introducing M. V. Lomonosov and A. A. Shakhamatov in V. A. Beloshapkovas wellknown Russian syntax for universities as the founders of the allegedly traditional idea that two syntactic units should be distinguished: sentence (predlozhenie) and word combination (slovosochetanie). Also we demonstrate the following types of misrepresentations and misinterpretations: 1) the tendency of integrating Shakhamatovs and Vinogradovs views on syntactic units into the structuralistic levelbased approach to language 2) the distortion of causal relations in textbook explanations why this or that scholar formulated his or her idea of syntactic units and 3) the excessively broad or narrow approach to the idea of succession which can be selected by authors of posttexts to defend their own position in Russian grammar tradition and to cross scienti c opponents out of it. Recognizing that some of these inaccuracies arise from the original texts themselves (changes in the scholars views during his life ambiguous statements combination of terminological and nonterminological usage of the same word), we argue that a lot of them still stem from a conscious or unconscious wish of an author of a textbook or other posttext to present an integrated view of the Russian grammar tradition rather than investigate the real history of operations with statements on syntactic units in it.