Кадрове забезпечення Київського центрального архіву давніх актів (1921–1941) у світлі просопографії

Abstract

The aim of the study is to reconstruct a collective portrait of employees of the Kyiv Central ArchiveS of Ancient Acts in 1921–1941 based on historiographical works and documents of the Central State Archives of the Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine; the methodological basis of the work consists of general scientifi c (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systematic approach) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historicalcomparative) methods and principles of historicism, subjectivism, optimization of the volume of information. The novelty of the work. In the article, for the fi rst time, we reconstruct the prosopographic portrait of the staff of the archival institution according to educational-scientifi c, gender, social and ethnic sections in the era of NEP and Stalin’s industrialization. The turning point in the history of the institution of this period was 1934, when, as a result of a total purge of personnel, the entire archive staff changed. Conclusions. It was found out that until 1934 most of the workers were Ukrainians and Russians. However, from the mid-1930s, signifi cant changes in the ethnic composition took place: along with Ukrainians and Russians, Jews began to be a signifi cant segment of the workforce. Their share among the archive employees correlates with the percentage of Jews among the intelligentsia of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s and 1930s. It was found that until 1934, the majority of the archive employees had a classical pre-revolutionary education – gymnasium – university, while in the second half of the decade, the majority of positions were held by persons who graduated from Soviet secondary and higher educational institutions. Signifi cant changes also took place in the social structure of the collective of archivists. Until 1934, the lion’s share of workers were people of non-proletarian origin from noble and bourgeois families. After the «cleaning», the majority came from the families of workers, artisans, civil servants, and peasants. It was observed, that over the course of 20 years, a gradual process of feminization of the collective took place, but women worked in less prestigious and lower-paid positions. As a result of purposeful state policy, the social portrait of the archive workers underwent a radical transformation in the direction of proletarianization.