Повышение экономической эффективности ведения скотоводства на загрязненных 137Cs сельскохозяйственных угодьях

Abstract

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, significant territories of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were in the zone of radioactive contamination. Agricultural production in territories contaminated with radio-nuclides is advisable only when obtaining environmentally safe products. In order to obtain environmentally safe food products and break-even animal husbandry, especially in ecologically unfavorable territories, it is necessary to intensify production by selecting breeds of cattle, the cultivation of which is most effective for the conditions of a particular region. There are various techniques for reducing the content of 137Cs in beef and milk, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. If the use of sorbents requires additional costs, then in the presence of feed slightly contaminated with radio-nuclides, it is possible to obtain livestock products (meat, milk) that meet regulatory indicators without increasing the cost price. The use of sorbents in the production of milk in radionuclide-contaminated areas is advisable if there is processing of dairy raw materials in producing farms. The animals of the Aberdeen-Angus, Simmental meat type and Hereford breeds are the most suitable for beef production in areas contaminated with radio-nuclides. Their breeding, even with a high level of contamination of the diet, will allow you to obtain environmentally friendly meat products.