ІСТОРІЯ СТВОРЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПОЛЬОВИХ МАГІСТРАЛЬНИХ ТРУБОПРОВОДІВ

Abstract

The history of the main pipelines originates from the oil fields of Baku and Pennsylvania. Throughout its history, pipelines have undergone significantchanges from the first pipelines in US oil fields to field trunk pipelines. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the rapid development of internal combustion engines began, the latest models of weapons were equipped with engines that required light petroleum products for their work. Before the Second World War, the system of supply of petroleum productsfor the needs of the troops did not have time to form in full. Fuel was supplied tothe troops mainly by raid or road. During the war, the pipeline entered the supply system of troops, which is another mode of transport. The first pipeline that was laid for the needs of combatoperations was laid across the Oka River in the spring of 1942. The most famouswas the pipeline, which was laid on the bottom of Lake Ladoga in the fall of 1942.The length of the pipeline reached 23 kilometers, of which 21 kilometers was laidunder water at a depth of 13 meters. The pipeline was equipped with threadedconnections and was additionally welded to increase reliability. Installation of thepipeline took place under enemy fire during 43 days. During the blockade of Leningrad, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel were supplied to the city. After the end of the Second World War, taking into account the experienceof hostilities to provide large groups of troops, sets of field main pipelines wereadopted. Sets of pipelines could be deployed at a distance of up to 150 kilometerswith a daily capacity of up to 3,000 tons per day.Special units - pipeline battalions- were created for the deployment of field trunk sets, their storage, maintenanceand operation. Modern use of field main pipelines is not limited to the supply of fuel tomilitary units, pipelines can often be used to extinguish large fires, as well as tosupply water to settlements in the event of a natural disaster or man-made accident. Keywords: History of oil pipelines development, applying of field main pipelines, applying of pipeline parts in modern conditions.