ИСТОРИКО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ СЕЛЬСКОГО РАССЕЛЕНИЯ БЕЛАРУСИ

Abstract

Modern socio-economic conditions require a new approach to the study of settlement systems. Historical and genetic analysis is one of the most effective methods used in urban planning and allows to represent rural settlement system as a set of formed elements with their own borders (historical, natural, etc.). The main stages of historical and genetic analysis include research object selection, initial data collection; analyzing the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators; cartographic modeling; characterizing the settlement system interrelations; general assessment of settlement system changes. The manuscript contains research results in studying the formation features of rural settlement system in terms of Mogilev region (Republic of Belarus). The history of forming the modern rural settlement system in Belarus includes three periods: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern, when the most active transformation of rural settlement system took place. For each period, a retrospective analysis of the administrative-territorial division, spatial-territorial organization, and typology of rural localities is conducted. As a research result, the model of the reorganization of Belarus administrative-territorial system in the XX – early XXI centuries and the historical and genetic model of rural localities typology in Belarus are obtained. The Soviet period contributed to urbanization, rural population reduction and rural settlements reduction. The modern period is characterized by rural settlement stabilization.