Значение слова и смысл предложения ранней ми­мансы

Abstract

A correlation between Indian linguaphilosophy and Western philosophy of language is possible with regard to the question of meaning – one of the main issues of any linguo-philosophical teaching. The Indian philosophical tradition, represented by orthodox schools, the main of which is the so-called mīmāṃsā, was guided by the authority of sa­cred scripture – the Vedas, and through critical argumentation was engaged in under­standing and interpreting their content, and therefore unique linguo-philosophical ideas were formed. This work presents the ideas of mīmāṃsā, the general picture of which can be formulated as follows: 1) the doctrine joins the theory of the non-human origin of lan­guage as opposed to the theory of convention; 2) a transcendental approach to language is defended, where the eternal, a priori connection of words and meanings is affirmed, which is the opposite of the naturalistic view; 3) an activity-based approach to the mean­ing of statements/sentences is formulated, which is due to the categorical pair sādhya-sid­dha, i.e. “subject to implementation – realized”, in other words, the logic of process-re­sult, founded in the philosophical teaching of mīmāṃsā, and opposed to the logic of sub­ject-predicate, based on the pair of concepts dharma-dharmin, on which other representa­tives of Indian philosophical thought build their teachings. The work also draws parallels between the mīmāṃsā tradition and the ancient Indian linguistic tradition – vyākaraṇa, which allows us to clarify the nature of the linguo-philosophical ideas of the former, and also describes the theories of the meaning of sentences of the medieval mīmāṃsā – an­vitābhidhāna-vāda and abhihitānvaya-vāda. The linguistic philosophy of the mīmāṃsā tradition, and, in particular, the advocacy of a non-naturalistic attitude to language and an activity-based or even pragmatic approach to the interpretation of sentences is unique both for the history of Indian philosophy and from the point of view of the Western tradi­tion of philosophy of language.