პირველი „აქტუალებიდან“ სატელევიზიო დოკუმენტალისტიკამდე (თეორიული და მეთოდური მიდგომები)

Abstract

The earliest instances of cinematography can be traced back to "Actuality Films" which portrayed the everyday lives of society. These films mechanically captured genuine footage, providing an accurate depiction of fleeting moments in existence that were brought into the limelight. Numerous endeavors aimed at capturing and presenting reality were eventually recognized as the birth of cinema in 1895. Although the initial films had a documentary nature, the term "cinema" itself emerged several decades later, becoming linked to the authenticity, credibility, and educational aspect of the content. Over the course of time, the narrator's voice and background noise were incorporated into the footage, while the shooting techniques, angles, and perspectives underwent improvement. The introduction of editing provided authors with even more powerful means to communicate their message to the viewers. Collectively and individually, these elements have given documentaries an immeasurable opportunity to influence the audience's emotions, knowledge, and sentiments. The historical analysis uncovered that inventors' aspiration to portray events with utmost precision in motion went far beyond the initial objective of creating cinema. In fact, it was solely through concentrated efforts on technical advancements that the first "actualities" emerged. This paper consistently demonstrates, through the content analysis of documentary films, how the stages of technical development have impacted the forms and methods of depiction as well as the dissemination of socio-cultural trends in society over time. It also sheds light on how the authors' visions, aspirations, and objectives underwent transformation. In parallel with irreversible technical and technological progress, the media landscape witnessed the emergence of new genres. Documentaries gradually embraced contemporary storytelling techniques. Eventually, by blending journalistic approaches with cinematography, a novel hybrid form known as "television documentary" emerged.