Розвиток культури і освіти в Українській Народній Республіці

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The article deals with the historical development of the national system of education – preschool, extracurricular, secondary and higher in the period of the development of the statehood of the Ukrainian People’s Republic during 1917–1920. The contribution of the Ukrainian intelligentsia to the development of statehood through the powerful national educational and cultural policy is analyzed. Where the non-ideologized conclusions about the place and role of the liberation struggles in the history of Ukraine, the cultural and spiritual revival of the Ukrainian people are reasoned. The main problem was identified – Russification of Ukrainian culture, as a result of conscious methodical actions caused by Valuev circular and the Ems act. Information is provided on the state of illiteracy in Ukraine during the specified historical period. The course of formation of the foundations of the national education system during the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people through the development of a general concept of cultural construction is outlined. The joint interest of all UPR governments in raising the level of education of the population of Ukraine through the creation of a continuous national system of education and culture and the revival of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of Ukrainian society life are shown. The article gives examples of active assistance of Ukrainian public organizations «Prosvita», the Society for School Education to the governments of the UPR in the development of national culture and education. The important contribution of the All-Ukrainian Teachers’ Congregations of the specified period is accentuated. Attention is paid to the development of the system of public education in the ZUPR. An active reorganization of the network of special and professional schools, approval at the legislative level of the state status of the Ukrainian language is emphasized. The role of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, headed by the scientist V. Vernadsky, is determined. The active work of the archaeological commission in the compilation of a map of archaeological monuments of the UPR is underlined. It is proved that the future of Ukrainian education is in using historical achievements, in particular, of the active period of building the statehood of the UPR. The deployment of the national system of education and science, which for centuries has become the basis and guide for future generations in the struggle for the national identityof the Ukrainian people on the way of building Ukraine’s independence.