ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА КОРМІВ

Abstract

The article considers topical aspects of ecology and animal husbandry management. The need to develop dairy and meat cattle breeding in Ukraine through the prism of creating a network of cultivated pastures using a system of rotary grazing is emphasized. Rotary grazing can increase the productivity of cultivated pastures by a third. The method of calculating the parameters of cultivated pastures and feed needs for planned livestock is presented. In the process of creating public cultural pastures, it is necessary to calculate the total land needs for existing livestock. The efficiency of cultivated pastures and the consequences of such management decisions are determined by the density of livestock per unit area, the duration of grazing, the structure of the grass, the methods of control over the process of grazing livestock. It is established that according to the nature of pastures, air temperature, the level of moisture accumulation in the soil, the dormancy period of the pasture should be 1–2 months. If the farm already has cultivated pastures, then there is a need to develop an effective system of control over their use. The grass grows quite quickly where the sowing period is optimized, i.e. it can be grazed as long as the remains of the stem have a height of 12–15 cm. Successful operation of public pastures is possible under effective control by the head and accountant. The accountant controls the process of grazing cattle in accordance with the productivity of pastures. To determine the optimal grazing time in one unit, it is necessary to calculate the average productivity of pastures per unit area. Improving natural pastures is possible with the use of perennial grasses that can be stored for a long time. Such forage lands can be used for arrangement of cultural pastures. The structure and ratio of forage grasses that can be applied to grass pastures are determined by soil characteristics, pasture location and other agronomic conditions. The proposed method of calculation, organizational and technological measures provide an opportunity to effectively develop livestock in all regions of Ukraine and can be used as an element of improving the management of land and other production resources.