Порівняння в художньому мовленні турецьких письменників ХХ сторіччя

Abstract

The paper deals with comparison constructions of the Turkish language on the base of works of fiction of Turkish writers of the 20th century. Reflecting figurative (simile) and non-figurative (correlation between qualitative and quantitative characteristics of two objects) collation of two or more objects comparisons in the Turkish language are examined from the lexico-semantic point of view and though their syntactic role in the sentence. Comparison remains a relevant and interesting topic of research despite the large number of works. It is a mean, a way of investigation and knowing of reality when unknown object is collated with the well-known one. Comparison may be represented as an act and a result at once. As the act of knowing reality comparison, represents such stages of exploration of the real world as identification of an object, its correlation with already known categories and groups of objects, definition of common features and juxtaposition of their intensity for further classification of the object explored. While resembling the result of act of cognition comparison demonstrates the degree of manifestation of a particular feature on a scale from complete identity to absolute difference. As an act of logical operation comparison consists of four elements, having different nominations in research works, they resemble object that is compared, object to which something is compared with, ground of comparison (some common feature for both objects) and result of comparison that describes identity, resemblance or distinctions between objects. Since logical operations of world’s investigation find reflection in language as a linguistic category comparison also has four elements in its structure. According to the lexico-semantic group of object and subject of comparison, Turkish comparisons may be divided on such groups as human-human, human-animal, nature-human. Comparisons are mostly used to express nature, human’s appearance or character, size of items, to make some estimation, to describe the way something is happening like or to resemble someone’s condition. Turkish works of fiction use both figurative comparison (simile) and non-figurative comparison. The syntactic role of comparison in a sentence depends on which member of the sentence the comparative part of the comparative construction belongs to. Mostly, comparisons act as attribute or adverbial modifier of manner, but also may act as predicate or grammatical object.