ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПУНКТИРНО–ГНЕЗДОВОГО СПОСОБА ПОСЕВА

Abstract

The key factors influencing the yield are the method of sowing, adherence to the set seeding rate and the accuracy of seed placement on the field surface. One of the promising sowing methods is dotted-nesting, when using it, the distance between seeds in a row initially differs, and the mathematical expectation of this distance is different from zero, which limits the use of the coefficient of variation as an indicator of the quality of the seeder. The purpose of the study is to determine the method for assessing the quality indicators of the operation of the sowing machine with the dotted-nested sowing method. Seeding discs with the following design parameters: the number of holes in the seeding disc - 54 pieces, the number of holes in the group - 3 pieces, the angle between the holes in the group - α=5°, the angle between the groups - β=10° were made for experimental studies. The rotational speed of the sowing disc varied from 15 rpm to 60 rpm. used: General and dynamic coefficients of variation, accuracy was used to determine the criterion for assessing the quality of the dotted-nested method of sowing. When determining the dynamic coefficient of variation, a calculation was made every 200 seeds, which, taking into account the seeding rate (20 pcs./m), corresponds to 10 meters of the path traveled by the sowing unit, the obtained values were compared with the theoretical one (0.355). The accuracy of the dotted-nested sowing method was determined by counting the number of seeds in a group, the distance between seeds and the distance to the next group of seeds. If the number of seeds did not correspond to the specified one (k=3) or the interval between seeds exceeded the standard error, then this group of seeds was rejected. Accuracy was calculated as a percentage of "correct nests" to their total number. The overall coefficient of variation did not exceed 2.9% compared to the theoretical one. However, considering the change in the coefficient of variation in dynamics, we found that the difference between theoretical and experimental reaches a maximum of 3.2% at 15 rpm and 7.9% at 40 rpm. The trend towards an increase in the coefficient of variation and a decrease in the accuracy of dotted-nested sowing with an increase in the frequency of rotation of the sowing disk was observed in all the studied variants.