ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ЛЮДСЬКОГО ЕЛЕМЕНТУ НА БЕЗПЕКУ МОРСЬКОГО СУДНОПЛАВСТВА

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of safety management processes in maritime transport based on the use of international standards of the ISO 31000 series on risk management. The concept of acceptable risk is accepted as a theoretical basis of research, necessity of formation of which is caused by impossibility of creation of absolutely safe processes and faultless equipment and systems. The magnitude of acceptable riskmust combine the technical, economic and social aspects of shipping. In practice, this is always a compromise between the current level of security and the possibility of improving it by various methods. Further risk reduction makes the activity itself economically impractical and forces the owner to abandon such processes. In the analysis of the risks of accidents during the implementation of maritime shipping processes, it is proposed to identify four key factors: the human element, technical, technological and external. The probability of a security incident is calculated as the sum of sets of expert values of thesefactors on their weight. The weight of the factors is proposed to be determined on the basis of the ranking method according to Fishburne's formula.It is difficult to calculate the damage from an accident, as it must include the damage caused to the shipowner, crew members, cargo owners and so on. The article proposes the introduction of four levels of severity of consequences: catastrophic, critical, significant and insignificant, while the assignment of a particular incident to a particular level of consequences is determined by the method of expert assessments.Based on a thorough analysis of the special literature, the hypothesis of the primary influence of the human element on the probability of accidents during the implementation of processes in shipping was confirmed. A method of building a risk matrix is proposed, which is based on the concept of acceptable risk − a value that is accepted by the management of the shipping company as a compromise between ensuring any level ofsafety and the costs to be incurred for the implementation of this level. Three main components of the human element are considered: individual, production and organizational and a list of questions is proposed to determine the size of the human element. The use of the proposed method will, on the one hand, increase the efficiency of the formation of ship's crews, and on the other − to optimize the processes of training and coaching of seafarers during the voyage.