Современные методы оценки комфортности биоклиматических условий курортных местностей

Abstract

The modern approaches to assessing the comfort of bioclimatic conditions for rational recreational activities are analyzed. A review of modern domestic and foreign methods is carried out and their advantages and disadvantages in assessing the thermal comfort of a human are identified. Most of the bioclimatic indicators used are now considered outdated, since they do not take into account human physiological reactions. Many foreign authors are increasingly using in their practice more complex thermal bioclimatic indices based on the human energy balance. In Russia, such studies are still rare. From the indices based on the human heat balance, the paper considers the following: Physiological equivalent temperature (PET), Perceived temperature (PMV), Universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The main algorithms for calculating bioclimatic indices are proposed. The calculations use the complete human thermal balance equation and all parameters that affect human comfort. Calculation of bioclimatic indices of this type is considered to be a more effective method for assessing the comfort of bioclimatic conditions for territories intended for the organization of health-improving recreation and tourism. The noted indices have a greater variability of values ​​and, therefore, a higher informational significance in comparison with other bioclimatic indicators that are simpler in calculations, such as, for example, equivalent effective temperature (EET) and biologically active temperature (BAT). Thus, the conducted review of existing methods for assessing bioclimatic indicators identified their advantages and disadvantages, which is important for the subsequent selection of the most optimal method suitable for a particular recreational area with appropriate weather and climatic conditions.