РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ НОВЫХ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

Spring barley is widely cultivated in the Republic of Tatarstan for grain feed and food purposes. Interest in expanding the assortment of this crop is due to the wide range of soil and climatic conditions of the region, which requires a set of highly productive plastic varieties capable of producing stable yields. This paper presents the results of two years of research to assess the productive potential of new varieties of spring barley sold in the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, and their resistance to root rot. The years of research were characterized by instability of hydrothermal conditions during growing seasons. Genetically and ecologically diverse varieties of Tatarstan, Moscow, Samara selection and the Republic of Belarus were taken for study. It was revealed that the degree of development of helminthosporium infection on spring barley plants is influenced by both year conditions and varietal characteristics. The Cornet resistant and Tevkech varieties showed the least susceptibility to pathogenic infection. On other varieties, the development of root rot exceeded the standard variety by 1.5-2 times. On average, over two years in the Predkamsk zone of Tatarstan, two-row barley Cornet persistent and multi-row barley Tevkech showed consistently high yields, exceeding the standard for grain yield by 21...24%. In 2023, the Kamashevsky, Rafael and Soratnik varieties were also significantly more productive. In terms of the weight of 1000 grains, most varieties exceeded the level of 50 g; the multi-row barley Tevkech (31–35 g) was distinguished by its fine grain, and the grain of the Finist variety (43–45 g) can be classified as medium-sized. Varieties Rafael and Finist showed minimal variability in the 1000 grain weight trait over the years.