Формирование внутреннего рынка племенной продукции молочного скотоводства России

Abstract

For the first time, the import dependence with the genetic resources at Russian dairy cattle breeding was studied. The volumes and imports structure of breeding material (heifers, bulls, seed) by dairy cattle breeds are shown. The import dependence with breeding stock at breeding farms now amounts to 14.3%, the share of imported heifers at domestic market is 30.5%. The situation at Holstein breed herds breeding is even tenser: the market of heifers is formed by 61.3% due to import, import dependence has reached 44.6% and import consumption is 31.2%. The market of breeding bulls is dominated (95.5%) by domestic bulls, but this figure drops to 68.8% for the Holstein breed. The uncontrolled import of the bulls-producers’ seed had a particularly adverse effect on the state of Russian dairy cattle breeding. In 2020, the estimated demand with 100% artificial insemination at agricultural organizations on 2/3 was provided with imported seed. Moreover, the seed of Holstein bulls was imported on 2.3 times more than the annual necessity for this breed.