Abstract
Mass presence of Russian young people in spheres of education and work is considering. It is interpreted as social activity which is an important resource for successful formation and use of intellectual potential; to create an innovative economy without it is impossible. It is shown that the coverage of young people by vocational education has increased significantly. The current level is reached for the first time and indicates the emergence of a new situation, which influence at many aspects of society’s life. The share of young people employed in the labor market has declined somewhat, because the younger and middle age groups receive vocational education. But the level of economic activity of 25-29-year- olds is close to that observed in the population of older ages. The presence of young people in the structure of the workforce is similar. Restructuration of youth employment is discussed. This is one of important changes of labor market in the post-Soviet period. The number of young people in that sectors, where they were primarily employed earlier, has sharply declined. The youth unerringly grasped the changes in the economy, abandoned previous preferences and massively came to more attractive, rapidly developing industries. The problem of informal employment is also considered. The share of informally employed youth practically was not changed in the decade from 2006 till 2015. Attention is drawn to the fact that adolescents from the younger group (15-19 years) were represented there much more often. Data on youth unemployment are given. As in other countries unemployment among Russian youth is higher than in other age groups due to the specificity of the first entry into the labor market, difficulties of self-determination and the lack of coherence between sphere of education and the labor market. It is shown that the level of unemployment depends on the level of education. In general, the data presented in the article confirm the importance of social behavior of young people for the prospects of innovative development.
Highlights
Доминирующими движителями национального развития стали в современном мире формирование и использование интеллектуального потенциала
The share of young people employed in the labor market has declined somewhat, because the younger and middle age groups receive vocational education
The data presented in the article confirm the importance of social behavior of young people for the prospects of innovative development
Summary
Доминирующими движителями национального развития стали в современном мире формирование и использование интеллектуального потенциала. Формирование интеллектуального потенциала при этом неизбежно связывается с социальным поведением молодёжи в сфере образования, поскольку и обретение знаний, квалификаций, и прохождение активной фазы вторичной социализации приходятся в основном на молодой возраст. Использование интеллектуального потенциала также в значительной степени оказывается связанным с молодёжной проблематикой, поскольку социальное поведение молодёжи на рынке труда в немалой степени определяет общую картину экономической жизни страны. В современной мировой социологии интенсивно развиваются исследования интеллектуального потенциала и проблем его формирования и использования. No 4(20), 2017 тривается в ряде исследований отечественных авторов (см., напр.: [Соболева, 2007; Лебединцева, 2012; Иванов, 2012; Слободчикова, Боджаева, 2015 и др.]); подробный анализ поведения молодёжи в сферах образования и труда сделан Г. Социальное поведение молодёжи в сфере образования и на рынке труда, обусловленное факторами объективными и субъективными (которые, в свою очередь, обусловлены объективно), выступает существенным ресурсом, которым обладает страна. Дипломы вузов год от года получала всё большая доля молодёжи [Сводные итоги.., 2010]
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