Abstract
Goal. To determine the content of nutrition elements in the main and non-consumer products of winter wheat varieties that are currently grown in Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted during 2016-2020 on two objects of strain testing in the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, on production fields in Western Polissia, Right-Bank, and Left-Bank Forest-steppe, with statistical analysis of chemical analytical data. Results. According to the generalization of data on the content of NPK and microelements in the 167 samples of winter wheat, the peculiarities of modern varieties for the accumulation of nutrients in the main and non-consumer products of winter wheat are revealed. Modern varieties are characterized by a narrower ratio N:P2O5 in grain (1:0.30), which differs from that one established by standards (1:0.34-0.35), as well as by significantly higher potassium accumulation in straw. The content of nutritious elements in grain has a significantly lower coefficient of variation (11-15%) than in straw (29-70%). High variability of microelement composition of grain and straw, especially cobalt and iron is established. It is proposed to use average geometric values as normative instead of arithmetic mean ones. The identified features of the chemical composition of the main and non-consumer products are noted on all objects of research. Conclusions. The clarified parameters are determined of the removal of nutrients with winter wheat yields of modern selection, which are (kg/t): for grain N — 21,6, P2O5 — 6.5, K2O — 4.6, for straw — 4.9, 1, 1, and 17.5, respectively. Average parameters of microelements in the final winter wheat product are (mg/kg): for grain — Zn — 19, CO — 0.51, Fe — 37, Mn — 30, Cu — 2.1, for straw — Zn — 1,8, CO — 0,52, Fe — 27, Mn — 12, Cu — 0.6. Modern varieties are inherent in the increased demand for the accumulation of nitrogen relative to phosphorus and potassium in grain, as well as increased potassium accumulation in straw.
Highlights
Winter wheat is the most demanding crop among cereals in terms of mineral nutrition
The purpose of this article is to generalize results of experimental research regarding nutrients content in grain and straw of winter wheat varieties currently grown in Ukraine
The sample met the criteria of Shapiro-Wilkes normality in terms of NPK content in grain (W = 0.98-0.99; p = 0.160.56)
Summary
Winter wheat is the most demanding crop among cereals in terms of mineral nutrition. Due to breeding progress, modern varieties of winter wheat have a high level of nitrogen uptake and its reutilization in plants, that is often accompanied by increased concentrations of other nutrients [1,2]. In 2014, a draft of Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "Regulatory indicators of nutrient removal by crops" [10] was developed in accordance with Articles 30 and 32 of the Law of Ukraine "On Land Protection" and the action plan of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine. This regulatory act provides standards of NPK content per unit of crop yield by nature zones (Table 1).
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