Вимогливість сучасних сортів пшениці озимої до мінерального живлення

Abstract

Goal. To determine the content of nutrition elements in the main and non-consumer products of winter wheat varieties that are currently grown in Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted during 2016-2020 on two objects of strain testing in the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, on production fields in Western Polissia, Right-Bank, and Left-Bank Forest-steppe, with statistical analysis of chemical analytical data. Results. According to the generalization of data on the content of NPK and microelements in the 167 samples of winter wheat, the peculiarities of modern varieties for the accumulation of nutrients in the main and non-consumer products of winter wheat are revealed. Modern varieties are characterized by a narrower ratio N:P2O5 in grain (1:0.30), which differs from that one established by standards (1:0.34-0.35), as well as by significantly higher potassium accumulation in straw. The content of nutritious elements in grain has a significantly lower coefficient of variation (11-15%) than in straw (29-70%). High variability of microelement composition of grain and straw, especially cobalt and iron is established. It is proposed to use average geometric values as normative instead of arithmetic mean ones. The identified features of the chemical composition of the main and non-consumer products are noted on all objects of research. Conclusions. The clarified parameters are determined of the removal of nutrients with winter wheat yields of modern selection, which are (kg/t): for grain N — 21,6, P2O5 — 6.5, K2O — 4.6, for straw — 4.9, 1, 1, and 17.5, respectively. Average parameters of microelements in the final winter wheat product are (mg/kg): for grain — Zn — 19, CO — 0.51, Fe — 37, Mn — 30, Cu — 2.1, for straw — Zn — 1,8, CO — 0,52, Fe — 27, Mn — 12, Cu — 0.6. Modern varieties are inherent in the increased demand for the accumulation of nitrogen relative to phosphorus and potassium in grain, as well as increased potassium accumulation in straw.